Diagram of mitochondria

Introduction:

Organisms like rod-like, round, round or stellate vesicles scattered around the nucleus or scattered in the cytoplasm during cell division are called mitochondria (singular-mitochondrion).

Discovery: In 1894, Altmann observed the presence of mitochondria. But in 1897, Benda named it Mitochondrion.

Size: Mitochondria vary in size depending on their size. The round mitochondrion is 0.2 microns to 2 microns in diameter. Mitochondrial mitochondria are 40 microns to 70 microns in length. Rod-shaped mitochondria can be 9 microns in length and 0.5 microns in width.

Number: The number of mitochondria varies from cell to cell. Mitochondrions are absent in bacteria and blue-green algae. Some algae have only 1 mitochondrion per cell. Normally there are 200 to 400 mitochondria per plant cell. Animal liver cells contain thousands of mitochondria. Fourteen thousand to millions of mitochondria have been observed in searching eggs.

Composition:

1. Each mitochondrion is a closed sac-like organelle covered by a bilayer membrane. The membrane is composed of lipoproteins. Its layers are 6 to 80 angstroms apart. The outer layer of the membrane is smooth but the inner layer is irregularly folded to form a number of protrusions. The name of the amplifier is Christy.

2. Each crista contains several spherical bodies called oxisomes. Each peroxisome has three parts namely base, stalk, and head. Various enzymes required for respiration are released from the head of the oxisome.

3. The central region of the mitochondrion is filled with a granular matrix.

Chemical composition: The chemical composition of mitochondria consists of proteins, lipids, RNA, and a small amount of DNA.

Functions of Mitochondria:

1) Mitochondria provide energy for all biological functions of the cell.

2) Various enzymes and co-enzymes for respiration are available from mitochondria.

3) Except glycolysis, all the reactions of respiration (eg Krebs cycle, electron transport, oxidative phosphorylation, etc.) are carried out inside the mitochondria.

4) Mitochondria ensure controlled release of energy.

5) By converting ADP to ATP, it creates high-energy bonds and stores them in the body.

6) Mitochondria also take part in producing some amount of DNA and RNA.

7) Mitochondria also participate in metabolism.

Conclusion:

The so-called "powerhouses" of cells, mitochondria, are unusual organelles because they still have their own small genome and are encircled by a double membrane. They also divide by straightforward fission independently of the cell cycle. For the creation of novel therapies and interventions for these illnesses, a deeper comprehension of mitochondrial function and control is thus essential. The significance of continuing research into these intriguing organelles is highlighted by the fact that current studies are continually revealing new insights into the intricate functions of mitochondria in cellular biology and disease.